TiO2 Nanoparticles for Li-Ion Battery Anodes: Mitigation of Growth and Irreversible Capacity Using LiOH and NaOH

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• 作者：Martin S酶ndergaard ; Yanbin Shen ; Aref Mamakhel ; Mario Marinaro ; Margret Wohlfahrt-Mehrens ; Karen Wonsyld ; S酶ren Dahl ; Bo B. Iversen
• 刊名：Chemistry of Materials
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：January 13, 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：27
• 期：1
• 页码：119-126
• 全文大小：489K
• ISSN：1520-5002

文摘

TiO<sub>2sub> anatase and rutile nanoparticles with various sizes and morphologies have been synthesized by very facile and scalable methods, involving common acids as catalysts for room-temperature precipitations. A post-treatment including addition of LiOH or NaOH to the particles followed by heating at 180 掳C in air or autoclave suppressed crystallite growth of both rutile and anatase. Furthermore, the treatment with LiOH or NaOH consistently increased the first-cycle Coulombic efficiency in half-cells from 鈭?.77 to 鈭?.90 on average and even to 鈭?.00 in some cells. Whether LiOH or NaOH was used, or the amount, did not appear to affect the electrochemical properties significantly. The structural properties were investigated by Rietveld refinement of powder X-ray diffractograms and related to the electrochemical performance in half-cells. The crystal structure, sizes, and morphologies of the TiO<sub>2sub> nanoparticles were found to depend on the synthesis conditions, e.g., hydrolysis ratio and the type and concentration of the acid catalyst. Furthermore, increasing the size of rutile crystallites from 鈭? to 11 nm decreased the maximal capacity and rate ability of the half-cells. The anatase crystallites showed optimal electrochemical performance for crystallite sizes of 鈭?鈥? nm.