Freshwater Crayfish: A Potential Benthic-Zone Indicator of Nanosilver and Ionic Silver Pollution

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• 作者：Seth W. Brittle ; Sesha L. A. Paluri ; Daniel P. Foose ; Matthew T. Ruis ; Matthew T. Amato ; Nhi H. Lam ; Bryan Buttigieg ; Zofia E. Gagnon ; Ioana E. Sizemore
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：July 5, 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：50
• 期：13
• 页码：7056-7065
• 全文大小：557K
• 年卷期：0
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Nowadays, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are utilized in numerous applications, raising justified concerns about their release into the environment. This study demonstrates the potential to use freshwater crayfish as a benthic-zone indicator of nanosilver and ionic silver pollution. Crayfish were acclimated to 20 L aquaria filled with Hudson River water (HRW) and exposed for 14 days to widely used Creighton AgNPs and Ag⁺ at doses of up to 360 μg L^–1 to surpass regulated water concentrations. The uptake and distribution of Ag in over 650 exoskeletons, gills, hepatopancreas and muscles samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) in conjunction with two complementary U.S. EPA-endorsed methods: the external calibration and the standard additions. Reflecting the environmental plasticity of the two investigated species, Orconectes virilis accumulated in a dose-dependent manner more Ag than Procambarus clarkii (on average 31% more Ag). Both species showed DNA damage and severe histological changes in the presence of Ag. However, Ag⁺ generally led to higher Ag accumulations (28%) and was more toxic. By the harvest day, about 14 ± 9% of the 360 μg L^–1 of AgNP exposure in the HRW oxidized to Ag⁺ and may have contributed to the observed toxicities and bioaccumulations. The hepatopancreas (1.5–17.4 μg of Ag g^–1 of tissue) was identified as the best tissue-indicator of AgNP pollution, while the gills (4.5–22.0 μg g^–1) and hepatopancreas (2.5–16.7 μg g^–1) complementarily monitored the presence of Ag⁺.