Current-Use and Legacy Pesticide History in the Austfonna Ice Cap, Svalbard, Norway

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• 作者：Mark H. Hermanson ; Elisabeth Isaksson ; Camilla Teixeira ; Derek C. G. Muir ; Kevin M. Compher ; Y-F. Li ; Makoto Igarashi ; and Kokichi Kamiyama
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2005
• 出版时间：November 1, 2005
• 年：2005
• 卷：39
• 期：21
• 页码：8163 - 8169
• 全文大小：332K
• 年卷期：v.39,no.21(November 1, 2005)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

The Svalbard archipelago in arctic Norway receivesconsiderable semivolatile organic contaminant (SOC) inputsfrom the atmosphere. To measure the history of net SOCaccumulation there, we analyzed the upper 40 m of an icecore from Austfonna, the largest ice cap in Eurasia, forseveral legacy organochlorine (OC) compounds and current-use pesticides (CUPs) including organophosphorus (OP),triazine, dinitroaniline, and chloroacetamide compounds. FiveOP compounds (chlorpyrifos, terbufos, diazinon, methylparathion, and fenitrothion), two OCs (methoxychlor anddieldrin), and metolachlor-an herbicide-had historicalprofiles in the core. The highest OC concentration observedwas aldrin (69.0 ng L^-1) in the surface sample (1992-1998). The most concentrated OP was dimethoate (87.0 ngL^-1) between 1986 and 1992. The surface sample alsohad highest concentrations of pendimethalin (herbicide,18.6 ng L^-1) and flutriafol, the lone observed fungicide (9.6ng L^-1). The apparent atmospheric persistence of CUPslikely results from little or no oxidation by OH during thedark polar winter and in spring. Long-range atmosphericpesticide transport to Svalbard from Eurasia is influencedby the positive state of the North Atlantic Oscillation Indexsince 1980 and also by occasional fast-moving summerair masses from northern Eurasian croplands.