Estimated 2017 Refrigerant Emissions of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf) in the United States Resulting from Automobile Air Conditioning

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• 作者：Stella Papasavva ; Deborah J. Luecken ; Robert L. Waterland ; Kristen N. Taddonio ; Stephen O. Andersen
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2009
• 出版时间：December 15, 2009
• 年：2009
• 卷：43
• 期：24
• 页码：9252-9259
• 全文大小：192K
• 年卷期：v.43,no.24(December 15, 2009)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

In response to recent regulations and concern over climate change, the global automotive community is evaluating alternatives to the current refrigerant used in automobile air conditioning units, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, HFC-134a. One potential alternative is 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf, also known as HFO-1234yf). We have developed a spatially and temporally resolved inventory of likely future HFC refrigerant emissions from the U.S. vehicle fleet in 2017, considering regular, irregular, servicing, and end-of-life leakages. We estimate the annual leak rate emissions for each leakage category for a projected 2017 U.S. vehicle fleet by state, and spatially apportion these leaks to a 36 km square grid over the continental United States. This projected inventory is a necessary first step in analyzing for potential atmospheric and ecosystem effects, such as ozone and trifluoroacetic acid production, that might result from widespread replacement of HFC-134a with HFC-1234yf.