Percutaneous Absorption of 4-Cyanophenol from Freshly Contaminated Soil in Vitro: Effects of Soil Loading and Contamination Concentration
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- 作者：G. D. Touraille ; K. D. McCarley ; A. L. Bunge ; J.-P. Marty ; and R. H. Guy
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2005
- 出版时间：May 15, 2005
- 年：2005
- 卷：39
- 期：10
- 页码：3723 - 3731
- 全文大小：155K
- 年卷期：v.39,no.10(May 15, 2005)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
Despite the skin's excellent barrier function, dermalexposure to soil contaminated with toxic chemicals canrepresent a significant health hazard (e.g., via multiple workrelated contacts in the farming and waste disposalindustries). The development of environmental standardsor limits for chemical levels in soil has been impeded becausequantification of percutaneous uptake from this mediumhas not been well-defined. The objective of the researchdescribed here, therefore, was to better characterize therate and extent of dermal penetration as a function of soilloading and degree of soil contamination. The absorptionof a model compound (4-cyanophenol, CP) across hairlessmouse skin in vitro has been determined at four differentsoil loadings (5, 11, 38 and 148 mg cm-2) and at six levels ofsoil contamination (concentrations ranging from 0.19 to38 mg/g soil). Following 8 h of exposure, the amount of CPabsorbed was independent of soil loading when CPconcentration was constant, implying that the quantity ofsoil present was always sufficient to provide at least a singlelayer of tightly packed particles. At the lowest loadings,however, with increasing times of exposure, the CP transportrate fell off due to depletion of chemical from the soil.At constant soil loading (38 mg cm-2), CP flux (Jss) acrossthe skin was linearly proportional to the level of contamination(
) over the range 0.19 to 23.5 mg of CP per gram of soil:Jss (
g cm-2 h-1) = (1.1 × 10-5 g cm-2 h-1) × 
(g/g soil). At the highest CP contamination concentration,however, the transport rate was about an order ofmagnitude higher than expected, possibly due to thepresence of pure CP crystals. In conclusion, these resultsprovide new quantifications of the characteristics ofdermal uptake from chemically contaminated soils andimportant information with which to develop and verifypredictive models of dermal absorption.
) over the range 0.19 to 23.5 mg of CP per gram of soil:Jss (g cm-2 h-1) = (1.1 × 10-5 g cm-2 h-1) × (g/g soil). At the highest CP contamination concentration,however, the transport rate was about an order ofmagnitude higher than expected, possibly due to thepresence of pure CP crystals. In conclusion, these resultsprovide new quantifications of the characteristics ofdermal uptake from chemically contaminated soils andimportant information with which to develop and verifypredictive models of dermal absorption.