TiO2 Nanoparticle Exposure and Illumination during Zebrafish Development: Mortality at Parts per Billion Concentrations

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• 作者：Ofek Bar-Ilan ; Connie C. Chuang ; Denise J. Schwahn ; Sarah Yang ; Sanjay Joshi ; Joel A. Pedersen ; Robert J. Hamers ; Richard E. Peterson ; Warren Heideman
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology (ES&T)
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：May 7, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：47
• 期：9
• 页码：4726-4733
• 全文大小：471K
• 年卷期：v.47,no.9(May 7, 2013)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Photoactivation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂NPs) can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Over time, this has the potential to produce cumulative cellular damage. To test this, we exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio) to two commercial TiO₂NP preparations at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10鈥?00 ng/mL over a 23 day period spanning embryogenesis, larval development, and juvenile metamorphosis. Fish were illuminated with a lamp that mimics solar irradiation. TiO₂NP exposure produced significant mortality at 1 ng/mL. Toxicity included stunted growth, delayed metamorphosis, malformations, organ pathology, and DNA damage. TiO₂NPs were found in the gills and gut and elsewhere. The two preparations differed in nominal particle diameter (12.1 卤 3.7 and 23.3 卤 9.8 nm) but produced aggregates in the 1 渭m range. Both were taken up in a dose-dependent manner. Illuminated particles produced a time- and dose-dependent increase in 8-hydroxy-2鈥?deoxyguanosine DNA adducts consistent with cumulative ROS damage. Zebrafish take up TiO₂NPs from the aqueous environment even at low ng/mL concentrations, and these particles when illuminated in the violet-near UV range produce cumulative toxicity.