Semi Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient PM2.5. Seasonal Trends and Daily Resolved Source Contributions
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- 作者：Jü ; rgen Schnelle-Kreis ; Martin Sklorz ; Jü ; rgen Orasche ; Matthias Stö ; lzel ; Annette Peters ; Ralf Zimmermann
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2007
- 出版时间：June 1, 2007
- 年：2007
- 卷：41
- 期：11
- 页码：3821 - 3828
- 全文大小：485K
- 年卷期：v.41,no.11(June 1, 2007)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
Concentrations of ambient semivolatile organic compounds(SVOC) in the PM2.5 fraction of Augsburg, Germany, havebeen monitored on a daily basis from January 2003 throughDecember 2004. Samples were taken in a large gardenin the city center. Quantitative analysis of n-alkanes,alkanones, alkanoic acid methylesters, long chain linearalkyl benzenes and toluenes, hopanes, polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons (PAH) and oxidized PAH, and some abietantype diterpenes was done. All compounds showeddistinct seasonal variations in concentration. Most compoundsshowed highest concentrations during the cold seasons,but some n-alkanones and 6,10,14-trimethylpentadecanoneshowed maximum concentration during summer. Changesin patterns between and within compound classeswere obvious, e.g., the hopane pattern exhibited a strongseasonal variation. The main source related contributionsto changes observed were discussed. Using positive matrixfactorization (PMF) for the statistical investigation of thedata set, five factors have been separated. These factorsare dominated by the pattern of single sources orgroups of similar sources: factor 1, lubricating oil; factor2, emissions of unburned diesel and heating oil consumption;factor 3, wood combustion; factor 4, brown coalcombustion; and factor 5, biogenic emissions and transportcomponents. Like the SVOC, the factors showed strongseasonality with highest values in winter for factors 1-4and in summer for factor 5.