Characterization of Emissions from Grass Pellet Combustion

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• 作者：Sriraam R. Chandrasekaran ; Philip K. Hopke ; Arthur Hurlbut ; Mike Newtown
• 刊名：Energy & Fuels
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：September 19, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：27
• 期：9
• 页码：5298-5306
• 全文大小：389K
• 年卷期：v.27,no.9(September 19, 2013)
• ISSN：1520-5029

文摘

Emission factors of pollutants from combustion of five different types of grass pellets with ash content ranging from 3% to 13% were measured and compared to a premium type wood pellet with ash content 0.6% at low and high loads, respectively. The effects of fuel properties on the grass pellet combustion emissions were also studied. Criteria pollutants including PM_2.5, NO_x, SO₂, and CO were continuously monitored using an EPA CTM-039 dilution sampling system. PM₁₀ emissions from grass combustion were found to be higher when compared to wood pellet emissions at both low and high loads (26鈥?0 and 36鈥?0 mg MJ^鈥?, respectively). The PM_2.5 emissions were strongly correlated to the ash content of the fuel (R² = 0.939). CO emissions were found to be higher for grass combustion indicating an incomplete combustion. PM_2.5 samples collected on Teflon and quartz substrates were analyzed for ions and trace elements. About 60鈥?5% of the PM_2.5 fraction was recovered that included K of about 20鈥?0%, sulfate about 16鈥?5%, and chloride of about 10鈥?5%. Semivolatile organic compounds collected on quartz and polyurethane foam (PUF) were also analyzed for molecular markers, PAHs and PCDD/Fs. PAH emissions were strongly correlated to the CO (r² = 0.80). The PCDD/F emissions were clearly a function of chlorine content of the fuel (r² = 0.98). A strong correlation exists between emitted levoglucosan and PM_2.5 indicating levoglucosan, a molecular marker for cellulose combustion (r² = 0.87). All of the emissions were found to be higher for grass pellets compared to wood pellets and are higher at high loads than at low loads.