Lacto-N-Tetraose, Fucosylation, and Secretor Status Are Highly Variable in Human Milk Oligosaccharides From Women Delivering Preterm
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- 作者：Maria Lorna A. De Leoz ; Stephanie C. Gaerlan ; John S. Strum ; Lauren M. Dimapasoc ; Majid Mirmiran ; Daniel J. Tancredi ; Jennifer T. Smilowitz ; Karen M. Kalanetra ; David A. Mills ; J. Bruce German ; Carlito B. Lebrilla ; Mark A. Underwood
- 刊名：Journal of Proteome Research
- 出版年：2012
- 出版时间：September 7, 2012
- 年：2012
- 卷：11
- 期：9
- 页码：4662-4672
- 全文大小：557K
- 年卷期：v.11,no.9(September 7, 2012)
- ISSN：1535-3907
文摘
Breast milk is the ideal nutrition for term infants but must be supplemented to provide adequate growth for most premature infants. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are remarkably abundant and diverse in breast milk and yet provide no nutritive value to the infant. HMOs appear to have at least two major functions: prebiotic activity (stimulation of the growth of commensal bacteria in the gut) and protection against pathogens. Investigations of HMOs in milk from women delivering preterm have been limited. We present the first detailed mass spectrometric analysis of the fucosylation and sialylation in HMOs in serial specimens of milk from 15 women delivering preterm and 7 women delivering at term using nanohigh performance liquid chromatography chip/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A mixed-effects model with Levene鈥檚 test was used for the statistical analyses. We find that lacto-N-tetraose, a core HMO, is both more abundant and more highly variable in the milk of women delivering preterm. Furthermore, fucosylation in preterm milk is not as well regulated as in term milk, resulting in higher within and between mother variation in women delivering preterm vs term. Of particular clinical interest, the 伪1,2-linked fucosylated oligosaccharide 2鈥?fucosyllactose, an indicator of secretor status, is not consistently present across lactation of several mothers that delivered preterm. The immaturity of HMO production does not appear to resolve over the time of lactation and may have relevance to the susceptibility of premature infants to necrotizing enterocolitis, late onset sepsis, and related neurodevelopmental impairments.