Gaseous Nitrogen and Bacterial Responses to Raw and Digested Dairy Manure Applications in Incubated Soil

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• 作者：Olivia E. Saunders ; Ann-Marie Fortuna ; Joe H. Harrison ; Craig G. Cogger ; Elizabeth Whitefield ; Tonia Green
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology (ES&T)
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：November 6, 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：46
• 期：21
• 页码：11684-11692
• 全文大小：289K
• 年卷期：v.46,no.21(November 6, 2012)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

A study was conducted under laboratory conditions to compare rates of nitrous oxide (N₂O) and ammonia (NH₃) emissions when soil was amended with anaerobically digested dairy manure slurry containing <30% food byproducts, raw dairy manure slurry, or urea. Slurries were applied via surface and subsurface methods. A second objective was to correlate genes regulating nitrification and denitrification with rates of N₂O production, slurry treatment, and application method. Ammonia volatilization from incubated soil ranged from 140 g kg^鈥? of total N applied in digested slurry to 230 g kg^鈥? in urea. Subsurface application of raw dairy manure slurry decreased ammonia volatilization compared with surface application. Anaerobic digestion increased N₂O production. Cumulative N₂O loss averaged 27 g kg^鈥? of total N applied for digested slurry, compared with 5 g kg^鈥? for raw dairy slurry. Genes of interest included a 16S rRNA gene selective for 尾-subgroup proteobacterial ammonia-oxidizers, amoA, narG, and nosZ quantified with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Application of anaerobically digested slurry increased nitrifier and denitrifier gene copies that correlated with N₂O production. Expression of all genes measured via mRNA levels was affected by N applications to soil. This study provides new information linking genetic markers in denitrifier and nitrifier populations to N₂O production.