Modeling the Atmospheric Transport and Deposition of PCDD/F to the Great Lakes

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• 作者：Mark D. Cohen ; Roland R. Draxler ; Richard Artz ; Barry Commoner ; Paul Bartlett ; Paul Cooney ; Kim Couchot ; Alan Dickar ; Holger Eisl ; Catherine Hill ; James Quigley ; Joyce E. Rosenthal ; David Niemi ; Domin
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2002
• 出版时间：November 15, 2002
• 年：2002
• 卷：36
• 期：22
• 页码：4831 - 4845
• 全文大小：1891K
• 年卷期：v.36,no.22(November 15, 2002)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Atmospheric deposition is a significant loading pathwayfor polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(dioxin) to the Great Lakes. An innovative approach usingNOAA's HYSPLIT atmospheric fate and transport modelwas developed to estimate the 1996 dioxin contribution toeach lake from each of 5700 point sources and 42 600area sources in a U.S./Canadian air emissions inventory.These unusually detailed source-receptor modeling resultsshow that deposition to each lake arises from a broadgeographical region, with significant contributions from upto 2000 km away. The source categories contributingmost significantly to 1996 dioxin deposition appear to bemunicipal waste incineration, iron sintering, medical wasteincineration, and cement kilns burning hazardous waste.Model-predicted air concentrations and deposition fluxeswere consistent with ambient measurement data, withinthe uncertainties in each, but there may be a moderatetendency toward underestimation using midrangeemissions estimates. The most likely reason for thistendency appears to be missing or underestimated emissionssources, but in-situ atmospheric formation of octachlorinateddibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) and heptachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (HpCDD) may have also contributed. Despiteuncertainties, the findings regarding the relative importanceof different sources types and source regions appear tobe relatively robust and may be useful in prioritizing pollutionprevention efforts.