Process Based Life-Cycle Assessment of Natural Gas from the Marcellus Shale

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• 作者：Alexander T. Dale ; Vikas Khanna ; Radisav D. Vidic ; Melissa M. Bilec
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology (ES&T)
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：May 21, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：47
• 期：10
• 页码：5459-5466
• 全文大小：314K
• 年卷期：v.47,no.10(May 21, 2013)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

The Marcellus Shale (MS) represents a large potential source of energy in the form of tightly trapped natural gas (NG). Producing this NG requires the use of energy and water, and has varying environmental impacts, including greenhouse gases. One well-established tool for quantifying these impacts is life-cycle assessment (LCA). This study collected information from current operating companies to perform a process LCA of production for MS NG in three areas鈥攇reenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, energy consumption, and water consumption鈥攗nder both present (2011鈥?012) and past (2007鈥?010) operating practices. Energy return on investment (EROI) was also calculated. Information was collected from current well development operators and public databases, and combined with process LCA data to calculate per-well and per-MJ delivered impacts, and with literature data on combustion for calculation of impacts on a per-kWh basis during electricity generation. Results show that GHG emissions through combustion are similar to conventional natural gas, with an EROI of 12:1 (90% confidence interval of 4:1鈥?3:1), lower than conventional fossil fuels but higher than unconventional oil sources.