Investigation of Neuropathogenesis in HIV-1 Clade B and C Infection Associated with IL-33 and ST2 Regulation

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• 作者：Adriana Yndart ; Ajeet Kaushik ; Marisela Agudelo ; Andrea Raymond ; Venkata S. Atluri ; Shailendra K Saxena ; Madhavan Nair
• 刊名：ACS Chemical Neuroscience
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：September 16, 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：6
• 期：9
• 页码：1600-1612
• 全文大小：806K
• ISSN：1948-7193

文摘

In present research work, for the first time, we demonstrate that neuropathogenesis in HIV-1 clade B and C infection is associated with IL-33 and ST2 dysregulation, that is, implication toward neuropathogenesis. It is known that neuropathogenesis of HIV infected individuals is clade dependent. Proinflammatory cytokines and related receptors play a significant role in the complex regulatory mechanisms of neuropathogenesis in HIV-1 infection. Among them, IL-33 is an inflammatory cytokine expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and activates microglia cells and may affect neuroimmune inflammatory processes involved in HIV neuropathogenesis. Beside this, IL-33 receptor (ST2) plays a role in neuroinflammatory processes through the modulation of the biological action of IL-33. quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR), ELISA, Western blot (WB), and flow cytometry experiments were performed to elucidate the role of IL-33/ST2 in HIV neuropathogenesis in CNS cells. Apoptosis and mechanisms of IL-33 in neuronal cells were studied using caspase-3 assay and RT-PCR. Results of the studies suggest that the infection in CNS cells with HIV-1 clade B resulted in higher levels of IL-33/ST2L expression compared to HIV-1 clade C infection. Furthermore, higher concentrations of IL-33 were associated with a decrease in myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) expression, a transcription factor that regulates synaptic function, and an increase in apoptosis, NOD2, and SLC11A1 in clade B infection. This led to neuroinflammation which dysregulates synaptic function and apoptosis. These parameters are common in neuroAIDS provoked by HIV infection.