Quantifying Land Use Impacts on Biodiversity: Combining Species鈥揂rea Models and Vulnerability Indicators

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• 作者：Abhishek Chaudhary ; Francesca Verones ; Laura de Baan ; Stefanie Hellweg
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：August 18, 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：49
• 期：16
• 页码：9987-9995
• 全文大小：461K
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Habitat degradation and subsequent biodiversity damage often take place far from the place of consumption because of globalization and the increasing level of international trade. Informing consumers and policy makers about the biodiversity impacts 鈥渉idden鈥?in the life cycle of imported products is an important step toward achieving sustainable consumption patterns. Spatially explicit methods are needed in life cycle assessment to accurately quantify biodiversity impacts of products and processes. We use the Countryside species鈥揳rea relationship (SAR) to quantify regional species loss due to land occupation and transformation for five taxa and six land use types in 804 terrestrial ecoregions. Further, we calculate vulnerability scores for each ecoregion based on the fraction of each species鈥?geographic range (endemic richness) hosted by the ecoregion and the IUCN assigned threat level of each species. Vulnerability scores are multiplied with SAR-predicted regional species loss to estimate potential global extinctions per unit of land use. As a case study, we assess the land use biodiversity impacts of 1 kg of bioethanol produced using six different feed stocks in different parts of the world. Results show that the regions with highest biodiversity impacts differed markedly when the vulnerability of species was included.