Since the basal plane surface of
ice was first observed by sum frequency generation, an extraordinarily intense band for the hydrogen(H)-bonded OH stretching vibration has been a matter of debate. We elucidate the remarkable
spectral feature of the
ice surface by quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations. The intense H-bonded band is originated mostly from the 鈥渂ilayer-stitching鈥?modes of a few surface bilayers, through significant intermolecular charge transfer. The mechanism of enhanced signal is sensitive to the order of the tetrahedral
ice structure, as the charge transfer is coupled to the vibrational delocalization.
Keywords:
molecular dynamics; sum frequency generation; vibrational delocalization; hydrogen bonding network; charge transfer