Dramatic Changes in the Temporal Trends of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Herring Gull Eggs From the Laurentian Great Lakes: 1982–2006

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• 作者：Lewis T. Gauthier ; Craig E. Hebert ; D.V. Chip Weseloh ; Robert J. Letcher
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2008
• 出版时间：March 1, 2008
• 年：2008
• 卷：42
• 期：5
• 页码：1524 - 1530
• 全文大小：599K
• 年卷期：v.42,no.5(March 1, 2008)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

DecaBDE is a current-use, commercial formulation of an additive, polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardant composed of >97% 2,2′,3,3′,4,4′,5,5′,6,6′-decabromoDE (BDE-209). Of the 43 PBDE congeners monitored, we report on the temporal trends (1982–2006) of quantifiable PBDEs, and specifically BDE-209, in pooled samples of herring gull (Larus argentatus) eggs from seven colonies spanning the Laurentian Great Lakes. BDE-209 concentrations in 2006 egg pools ranged from 4.5 to 20 ng/g wet weight (ww) and constituted 0.6−4.5% of Σ₃₉PBDE concentrations among colonies, whereas Σ_octaBDE and Σ_nonaBDE concentrations constituted from 0.5 to 2.2% and 0.3 to 1.1%, respectively. From 1982 to 2006, the BDE-209 doubling times ranged from 2.1 to 3.0 years, whereas for Σ_octaBDEs and Σ_nonaBDEs, the mean doubling times ranged from 3.0 to 11 years and 2.4 to 5.3 years, respectively. The source of the octa- and nona-BDE congeners, e.g., BDE-207 and BDE-197, are the result of BDE-209 debromination, and they are either formed metabolically in Great Lakes herring gulls and/or bioaccumulated from the diet and subsequently transferred to their eggs. In contrast to BDE-209 and the octa- and nona-BDEs, congeners derived mainly from PentaBDE and OctaBDE mixtures, e.g., BDE-47, -99, and -100, showed rapid increases up until 2000; however, there was no increasing trend post-2000. The data illustrates that PBDE concentrations and congener pattern trends in the Great Lakes herring gull eggs have dramatically changed between 1995 and 2006. Regardless of BDE-209 not fitting the pervasive criteria as a persistent and bioaccumulative substance, it is clearly of increasing concern in Great Lake herring gulls, and provides evidence that regulation of DecaBDE formulations is warranted.