A heterobifunctional photocleavable cross-linker based on an
o-nitrobenzyl ester moiety wassynthesized. The cross-linker has
N-hydroxysuccinimidyl and disulfide groups attached at each endand thus can anchor a protein to a gold-coated substrate surface. Steady-state spectroscopic studiessuggest that the cross-linker undergoes a clean C-O fragmentation upon irradiation with a quantumyield of 0.1. Consequently, immobilized proteins (such as avidin or antibodies) on a substrate surfacecan be released efficiently (>95%) under UV irradiation (
> 300 nm) without degrading the proteinfunctionality. We also demonstrated protein delivery via bioconjugation of protein molecules to a gold-coated atomic-force microscope (AFM) tip. When the proteins are photoreleased from the AFM tip,they are delivered to the substrate surface as protein clusters of uniform size. This has been confirmedusing both AFM and fluorescence microscopy. The application of bioconjugation in this study opensa new avenue for tunable surface modification and controllable protein delivery in studies of biologicalsystems on the nanometer scale.