Bacillus anthracis Inosine 5鈥?Monophosphate Dehydrogenase in Action: The First Bacterial Series of Structures of Phosphate Ion-, Substrate-, and Product-Bound Complexes

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• 作者：Magdalena Makowska-Grzyska ; Youngchang Kim ; Ruiying Wu ; Rosemarie Wilton ; Deviprasad R. Gollapalli ; Ximi K. Wang ; Rongguang Zhang ; Robert Jedrzejczak ; Jamey C. Mack ; Natalia Maltseva ; Rory Mulligan ; T. Andrew Binkowski ; Piotr Gornicki ; Misty L. Kuhn ; Wayne F. Anderson ; Lizbeth Hedstrom ; Andrzej Joachimiak
• 刊名：Biochemistry
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：August 7, 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：51
• 期：31
• 页码：6148-6163
• 全文大小：838K
• 年卷期：v.51,no.31(August 7, 2012)
• ISSN：1520-4995

文摘

Inosine 5鈥?monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) catalyzes the first unique step of the GMP branch of the purine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway. This enzyme is found in organisms of all three kingdoms. IMPDH inhibitors have broad clinical applications in cancer treatment, as antiviral drugs and as immunosuppressants, and have also displayed antibiotic activity. We have determined three crystal structures of Bacillus anthracis IMPDH, in a phosphate ion-bound (termed 鈥渁po鈥? form and in complex with its substrate, inosine 5鈥?monophosphate (IMP), and product, xanthosine 5鈥?monophosphate (XMP). This is the first example of a bacterial IMPDH in more than one state from the same organism. Furthermore, for the first time for a prokaryotic enzyme, the entire active site flap, containing the conserved Arg-Tyr dyad, is clearly visible in the structure of the apoenzyme. Kinetic parameters for the enzymatic reaction were also determined, and the inhibitory effect of XMP and mycophenolic acid (MPA) has been studied. In addition, the inhibitory potential of two known Cryptosporidium parvum IMPDH inhibitors was examined for the B. anthracis enzyme and compared with those of three bacterial IMPDHs from Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium perfringens, and Vibrio cholerae. The structures contribute to the characterization of the active site and design of inhibitors that specifically target B. anthracis and other microbial IMPDH enzymes.