Identification and Quantification of Polybrominated Hexahydroxanthene Derivatives and Other Halogenated Natural Products in Commercial Fish and Other Marine Samples

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• 作者：Josef Hiebl ; Joachim Melcher ; Hans Gundersen ; Martin Schlabach ; and Walter Vetter
• 刊名：Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
• 出版年：2006
• 出版时间：April 5, 2006
• 年：2006
• 卷：54
• 期：7
• 页码：2652 - 2657
• 全文大小：84K
• 年卷期：v.54,no.7(April 5, 2006)
• ISSN：1520-5118

文摘

During routine analysis of commercial fish on halogenated pollutants, an unknown tribromo component(TriBHD) was initially detected as an abundant peak in sample extracts from the Mediterranean Sea.The molecular formula was established to be C₁₆H₁₉Br₃O by gas chromatography with electronionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC/EI-HRMS). GC/EI-MS data were virtually identicalwith a polybrominated hexahydroxanthene derivative (PBHD) previously isolated from an Australiansponge species known to occur in the Mediterranean Sea as well. A tetrabromo isomer (TetraBHD)was also found in the fish samples. The concentrations of TriBHD and other halogenated compoundsin commercial fish (sea bass, gilt head bream, anchovy, sardine, and salmon) were estimated withGC/electron capture detection (ECD). Using the ECD response of trans-nonachlor, the concentrationof TriBHD reached up to 90 ng/g lipid weight and accounted for up to >90% of the concentration ofp,p'-DDE, which was the most abundant peak in the most samples investigated. On the basis of theGC/ECD response, TetraBHD amounted for ~1/7 of TriBHD in all fish samples investigated. Thesample with the highest content was a green-lipped mussel from New Zealand (236 ng/g lipid weight).The halogenated natural products TBA, Q1, and MHC-1 were also present in most of the samples.We assume that the bulk of the residues in fish from aquaculture may originate from algae and spongesliving in proximity of the fish farms. Detection of TriBHD and TetraBHD in blubber of a monk seal(Monachus monachus) suggests that both HNPs may reach the top predators of food webs and thusalso humans.Keywords: Brominated xanthene derivates; naturally occurring organohalogens; commercial fish;sponge metabolites; pollutants; GC-MS