Elucidating the Decomposition Mechanism of Energetic Materials with Geminal Dinitro Groups Using 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane Photodissociation

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• 作者：Ryan S. Booth ; Chow-Shing Lam ; Matthew D. Brynteson ; Lei Wang ; Laurie J. Butler
• 刊名：Journal of Physical Chemistry A
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：October 3, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：117
• 期：39
• 页码：9531-9547
• 全文大小：931K
• 年卷期：v.117,no.39(October 3, 2013)
• ISSN：1520-5215

文摘

These experiments photolytically generate two key intermediates in the decomposition mechanisms of energetic materials with nitro substituents, 2-nitropropene, and 2-nitro-2-propyl radicals. These intermediates are produced at high internal energies and access a number of competing unimolecular dissociation channels investigated herein. We use a combination of crossed laser-molecular beam scattering and velocity map imaging to study the photodissociation of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane at 193 nm and the subsequent unimolecular dissociation of the intermediates above. Our results demonstrate that 2-bromo-2-nitropropane has four primary photodissociation pathways: C鈥揃r bond fission yielding the 2-nitro-2-propyl radical, HBr elimination yielding 2-nitropropene, C鈥揘 bond fission yielding the 2-bromo-2-propyl radical, and HONO elimination yielding 2-bromopropene. The photofragments are formed with significant internal energy and undergo many secondary dissociation events, including the exothermic dissociation of 2-nitro-2-propyl radicals to NO + acetone. Calculations at the G4//B3LYP/6-311++g(3df,2p) level show that the presence of a radical at a nitroalkyl center changes the mechanism for and substantially lowers the barrier to NO loss. This mechanism involves an intermediate with a three-center ring rather than the intermediate formed during the traditional nitro鈥搉itrite isomerization. The observed dissociation pathways of the 2-nitro-2-propyl radical and 2-nitropropene help elucidate the decomposition mechanism of larger energetic materials with geminal dinitro groups.