Tracking Toxaphene in the North American Great Lakes Basin. 2. A Strong Episodic Long-Range Transport Event

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• 作者：Jianmin Ma ; Srinivasan Venkatesh ; Yi-fan Li ; Zuohao Cao ; and Sreerama Daggupaty
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2005
• 出版时间：November 1, 2005
• 年：2005
• 卷：39
• 期：21
• 页码：8132 - 8141
• 全文大小：1901K
• 年卷期：v.39,no.21(November 1, 2005)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

In this paper we examine the modeled daily toxapheneair concentrations from September 9 to 13, 2000, duringwhich air concentration levels were 2-3 orders of magnitudehigher than those derived from in situ measurementsaround the Great Lakes during the same year and duringthe 1990s. Meteorological conditions revealed that a typicaldeformation flow system associated with a high-pressure system extending from the east coast of Canadato the southern United States was one of the criticalelements that enabled the transport of toxaphene to theGreat Lakes. Cloud bands seen on satellite imagery and therain band predicted by an atmospheric forecast modelindicate that the system also delivered warm and humidair from the Gulf of Mexico and the southern United Statesto the Great Lakes. This resulted in strong wet depositionof toxaphene to the lakes. Substantial increase in theair concentration of toxaphene over the Great Lakes inthis short period contributed greatly to raising the annualaverage daily air concentration for all of 2000. Theresults suggest that such an episodic event could be amajor pathway for atmospheric transport of toxaphene fromthe southern United States to the Great Lakes.