Effect of Sewage-Sludge Application on Concentrations of Higher-Brominated Diphenyl Ethers in Soils and Earthworms
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- 作者：Ulla Sellströ ; m ; Cynthia A. de Wit ; Nadja Lundgren ; and Mats Tysklind
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2005
- 出版时间：December 1, 2005
- 年：2005
- 卷：39
- 期：23
- 页码：9064 - 9070
- 全文大小：122K
- 年卷期：v.39,no.23(December 1, 2005)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), including octa-decaBDEs, were found in soil and earthworm samplescollected in 2000 from three research stations (referenceplots and sewage-sludge-amended plots) and twofarms (reference and amended/flooded soils) in Sweden.Sewage-sludge amendment at the research stations increasedconcentrations of all BDE congeners 2- to 13-fold, withthe highest increases for BDE-209. Concentrations 100- to 1000-fold higher were seen in contaminated soils at bothfarms. BDE-209 was the predominant congener in all soils.
PBDE concentrations in worms ranged from 3.1 to38 000 ng/g lipid weight and were correlated to soilconcentrations, including the octa-decaBDEs. Biota-soilaccumulation factors declined in the following order: TeBDE> PeBDE > HxBDE > OcBDE > NoBDE > DeBDE, andranged from 0.3 to 2 for the octa-decaBDEs. Thus, higher-brominated PBDEs, including BDE-209, are bioavailablefrom soils and accumulate in earthworms, presenting anexposure pathway into the terrestrial food web. High levelsfound at one farm 20 years after the last use of PBDEsindicate high persistence of PBDEs in soils, including BDE-209. No evidence of photolytic debromination of BDE-209in soils was seen.
PBDE concentrations in worms ranged from 3.1 to38 000 ng/g lipid weight and were correlated to soilconcentrations, including the octa-decaBDEs. Biota-soilaccumulation factors declined in the following order: TeBDE> PeBDE > HxBDE > OcBDE > NoBDE > DeBDE, andranged from 0.3 to 2 for the octa-decaBDEs. Thus, higher-brominated PBDEs, including BDE-209, are bioavailablefrom soils and accumulate in earthworms, presenting anexposure pathway into the terrestrial food web. High levelsfound at one farm 20 years after the last use of PBDEsindicate high persistence of PBDEs in soils, including BDE-209. No evidence of photolytic debromination of BDE-209in soils was seen.