Sample Filtration, Concentration, and Separation Integrated on Microfluidic Devices
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Microfabricated devices integrating sample filtration, solid-phase extraction, and chromatographic separation withsolvent programming were demonstrated. Filtering of thesample was accomplished at the sample inlet with an arrayof seven channels each 1 m deep and 18 m wide.Sample concentration and separation were performed onchannels 5 m deep and 25 m wide coated with a C18phase, and elution was achieved under isocratic, step, orlinear gradient conditions. For the solid-phase extraction,signal enhancement factors of 400 over a standard injection of 1.0 s were observed for a 320-s injection. Fourpolycyclic aromatic compounds were resolved by openchannel electrochromatography in under 50 s. Chipoperation was unaffected by the presence of the 5-msilica particles at the filter entrance.

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