Trans Boundary Transport of Pollutants by Atmospheric Mineral Dust
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- 作者：Yigal Erel ; Uri Dayan ; Reut Rabi ; Yinon Rudich ; and Mordechai Stein
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2006
- 出版时间：May 1, 2006
- 年：2006
- 卷：40
- 期：9
- 页码：2996 - 3005
- 全文大小：278K
- 年卷期：v.40,no.9(May 1, 2006)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
The transport of anthropogenic pollution by desert dust inthe Eastern Mediterranean region was studied byanalyzing major and trace element composition, organicspecies, and Pb isotope ratios in suspended dust samplescollected in Jerusalem, Israel. Dust storms in this regionare associated with four distinct synoptic conditions (RedSea Trough (RS), Eastern High (EH), Sharav Cyclone(SC), and Cold Depression (Cyprus low, CD)) that carrydust mostly from North African (SC, CD, EH) and Arabianand Syrian (RS, EH) deserts. Substantial contamination ofdust particles by Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ni is observed, whileother elements (Na, Ca, Mg, Mn, Sr, Rb, REE, U, and Th)display natural concentrations. Sequential extraction of theabovementioned elements from the dust samples showsthat the carbonate and sorbed fractions contain most of thepollution, yet the Al-silicate fraction is also contaminated,implying that soils and sediments in the source terrainsof the dust are already polluted. We identified the pollutantsources by using Pb isotopes. It appears that before thebeginning of the dust storm, the pollutants in the collectedsamples are dominated by local sources but with thearrival of dust from North Africa, the proportion of foreignpollutants increases. Organic pollutants exhibit behaviorsimilar and complementary to that of the inorganic tracers,attesting to the importance of anthropogenic-pollutantaddition en route of the dust from its remote sources.Pollution of suspended dust is observed under all synopticconditions, yet it appears that easterly winds carryhigher proportions of local pollution and westerly windscarry pollution emitted in the Cairo basin. Therefore, pollutiontransport by mineral dust should be accounted for inenvironmental models and in assessing the health-relatedeffects of mineral dust.