文摘
23Na MAS NMR spectra of sodium–oxygen (Na–Ob>2b>) cathodes reveals a combination of degradation species: newly observed sodium fluoride (NaF) and the expected sodium carbonate (Nab>2b>COb>3b>), as well as the desired reaction product sodium peroxide (Nab>2b>Ob>2b>). The initial reaction product, sodium superoxide (NaOb>2b>), is not present in a measurable quantity in the 23Na NMR spectra of the cycled electrodes. The reactivity of solid NaOb>2b> is probed further, and NaF is found to be formed through a reaction between the electrochemically generated NaOb>2b> and the electrode binder, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The instability of cell components in the presence of desired electrochemical reaction products is clearly problematic and bears further investigation.