Synchrotron photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies of cationic self-assembledmonolayers (SAMs) of quaternary ammonium (QA) sulfur derivates prepared on gold substrates were performedto investigate the adsorption mechanism of L-tartaric acid on a gemini-structured didodecyl dithiol (HS-gQA-SH). Using soft X-rays from a synchrotron light source, the carboxylate (deprotonated carboxylic acid) ofL-tartaric acid was found to undergo an exchange reaction with the native bromide counterion of HS-gQA-SH-SAM. We also report the first soft XPS spectra of the bromide counterion of the QA. These resultsindicate the necessary chemical architecture via distance matching for exchange reactions to occur betweencomplex molecules and point the way to more effective molecular recognition systems.