Quantification of Fullerenes by LC/ESI-MS and Its Application to in Vivo Toxicity Assays

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• 作者：Carl W. Isaacson ; Crystal Y. Usenko ; Robert L. Tanguay ; Jennifer A. Field
• 刊名：Analytical Chemistry
• 出版年：2007
• 出版时间：December 1, 2007
• 年：2007
• 卷：79
• 期：23
• 页码：9091 - 9097
• 全文大小：213K
• 年卷期：v.79,no.23(December 1, 2007)
• ISSN：1520-6882

文摘

With production and use of carbon nanoparticles increasing, it is imperative that the toxicity of these materials bedetermined; yet such testing requires specific and selective analytical methodologies that do not yet exist. Quantitative liquid-liquid extraction was coupled with liquidchromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the quantitative determination of fullerenes fromC₆₀ to C₉₈. Isotopically enriched, ¹³C₆₀, was used as aninternal standard. The method was applied to determinethe loss of C₆₀ from exposure water solution and uptakeof C₆₀ by embryonic zebrafish. The average recovery ofC₆₀ from zebrafish embryo extracts and 1% DMSO inaqueous-exposure solutions was 90 and 93%, respectively, and precision, as indicated by the relative standarddeviation, was 2 and 7%, respectively. The methodquantification limit was 0.40 g/L and the detection limitwas 0.02 g/L. During the toxicological assay, loss of C₆₀due to sorption to test vials resulted in the reduction ofexposure-solution concentrations over 6 h to less than50% of the initial concentration. Time-course experimentsindicated embryo uptake increased over course of the12-h exposure. A lethal concentration that caused 50%mortality was determined to be 130 g/L and was associated with a zebrafish embryo concentration, LD₅₀, of0.079 g/g of embryo.