Hexachlorocyclohexanes in the North American Atmosphere
详细信息 查看全文
- 作者：Li Shen ; Frank Wania ; Ying D. Lei ; Camilla Teixeira ; Derek C. G. Muir ; and Terry F. Bidleman
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2004
- 出版时间：February 15, 2004
- 年：2004
- 卷：38
- 期：4
- 页码：965 - 975
- 全文大小：305K
- 年卷期：v.38,no.4(February 15, 2004)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
Annually integrated air concentrations of 
fchars/alpha.gif" BORDER=0>- andfchars/gamma.gif" BORDER=0 >-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) were determined in 2000/2001 at 40 stations across North America using XAD-based passive air samplers to understand atmosphericdistribution processes on a continental scale. Elevated levelsof fchars/gamma.gif" BORDER=0 >-HCH in the atmosphere of the Canadian Prairies areconsistent with the ongoing use of lindane as a seed treatmenton canola and confirm the feasibility of detecting theagricultural use of a pesticide using long-term integratedpassive air sampling. In contrast to fchars/gamma.gif" BORDER=0 >-HCH, the atmosphericconcentrations of fchars/alpha.gif" BORDER=0>-HCH show a rather uniform distributionacross Canada and the United States, which is expectedfor a chemical with no current use on the continent. Higherlevels in the atmosphere over Atlantic Canada can beexplained by fchars/alpha.gif" BORDER=0>-HCH evaporating from the waters of theLabrador Current, which is supported by the chiral compositionof fchars/alpha.gif" BORDER=0>-HCH and the temperature dependence of itsatmospheric concentrations along the east coast ofCanada. Similarly, fchars/alpha.gif" BORDER=0>-HCH is volatilizing from Lake Superior.Atmospheric HCH levels increase with elevation in theCanadian Rocky Mountains. The results suggest thatevaporation, in particular from cold water bodies, is animportant source of fchars/alpha.gif" BORDER=0>-HCH to the North American atmosphere.Low levels of HCHs in Central America hint at efficientdegradation under tropical conditions. Chiral analysis showsthat (+)-fchars/alpha.gif" BORDER=0>-HCH is often enriched in air over continentalareas and at the Pacific Coast, which is opposite to theenantiomeric enrichment in the proximity to the Great Lakesand the Atlantic Ocean. Passive air sampling is a powerfultool to discern the large-scale variability of semivolatileand persistent organic chemicals in the atmosphere.
fchars/alpha.gif" BORDER=0>- andfchars/gamma.gif" BORDER=0 >-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) were determined in 2000/2001 at 40 stations across North America using XAD-based passive air samplers to understand atmosphericdistribution processes on a continental scale. Elevated levelsof fchars/gamma.gif" BORDER=0 >-HCH in the atmosphere of the Canadian Prairies areconsistent with the ongoing use of lindane as a seed treatmenton canola and confirm the feasibility of detecting theagricultural use of a pesticide using long-term integratedpassive air sampling. In contrast to fchars/gamma.gif" BORDER=0 >-HCH, the atmosphericconcentrations of fchars/alpha.gif" BORDER=0>-HCH show a rather uniform distributionacross Canada and the United States, which is expectedfor a chemical with no current use on the continent. Higherlevels in the atmosphere over Atlantic Canada can beexplained by fchars/alpha.gif" BORDER=0>-HCH evaporating from the waters of theLabrador Current, which is supported by the chiral compositionof fchars/alpha.gif" BORDER=0>-HCH and the temperature dependence of itsatmospheric concentrations along the east coast ofCanada. Similarly, fchars/alpha.gif" BORDER=0>-HCH is volatilizing from Lake Superior.Atmospheric HCH levels increase with elevation in theCanadian Rocky Mountains. The results suggest thatevaporation, in particular from cold water bodies, is animportant source of fchars/alpha.gif" BORDER=0>-HCH to the North American atmosphere.Low levels of HCHs in Central America hint at efficientdegradation under tropical conditions. Chiral analysis showsthat (+)-fchars/alpha.gif" BORDER=0>-HCH is often enriched in air over continentalareas and at the Pacific Coast, which is opposite to theenantiomeric enrichment in the proximity to the Great Lakesand the Atlantic Ocean. Passive air sampling is a powerfultool to discern the large-scale variability of semivolatileand persistent organic chemicals in the atmosphere.