文摘
Dicarboxylic acid ligands (malonate, succinate, and butylmalonate) stabilize 2 nm diameter IrO2 particlessynthesized by hydrolysis of aqueous IrCl62- solutions. Analogous monodentate (acetate) and tridentate (citrate)carboxylate ligands, as well as phosphonate and diphosphonate ligands, are less effective as stabilizers andlead to different degrees of nanoparticle aggregation, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy.Succinate-stabilized 2 nm IrO2 particles are good catalysts for water photo-oxidation in persulfate/sensitizersolutions. Ruthenium tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) sensitizers containing malonate and succinate groups in the 4,4'-positions are also good stabilizers of 2 nm diameter IrO2 colloids. The excited-state emission of these boundsuccinate-terminated sensitizer molecules is efficiently quenched on a time scale of ~30 ns, most likely byelectron transfer to Ir(IV). In 1 M persulfate solutions in pH 5.8 Na2SiF6/NaHCO3 buffer solutions, the excited-state of the bound sensitizer is quenched oxidatively on the time scale of ~9 ns. Electron transfer from Ir(IV)to Ru(III) occurs with a first-order rate constant of 8 × 102 s-1, and oxygen is evolved. The turnover numberfor oxygen evolution under these conditions was ~150. The sensitizer-IrO2 diad is thus a functional catalystfor photo-oxidation of water, and may be a useful building block for overall visible light water splittingsystems.