Although several designs have been advanced for couplingsample enrichment devices to a sheathless electrosprayionization-mass spectrometry (MS) interface on a capillaryelectrophoresis (CE) column, most of these approachessuffer from difficulties in fabrication, and the CE separation efficiency is degraded as a result of the presence ofcoupling sleeves. We have developed a design that offerssignificant improvements in terms of ease of fabrication,durability, and maintenance of the integrity of the CE-separated analyte zones. Capillaries with different insideand outside diameters were evaluated to optimize theperformance of the CE-MS system, resulting in a masslimit of detection of 500 amol for tandem MS analysis ofa standard peptide using a 20-
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m-i.d. capillary. Theimproved design incorporates an efficient method topreconcentrate a sample directly within the CE capillaryfollowed by its electrophoretic separation and detectionusing a true zero dead-volume sheathless CE-MS interface. Testing of this novel CE-MS system showed itsability to characterize proteomic samples such as proteindigests, in-gel-digested proteins, and hydrophobic peptides as well as to quantitate ICAT-labeled peptides.