Monitoring the Effects of Pulp and Paper Effluent Is Restricted in Genetically Distinct Populations of Common Bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus)

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• 作者：Michael R. van den Heuvel ; Christian Michel ; Mark I. Stevens ; Andrew C. Clarke ; Kai N. Stö ; lting ; Brendan J. Hicks ; Louis A. Tremblay
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2007
• 出版时间：April 1, 2007
• 年：2007
• 卷：41
• 期：7
• 页码：2602 - 2608
• 全文大小：216K
• 年卷期：v.41,no.7(April 1, 2007)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

The common bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus), a small-bodied New Zealand native fish species, was used tomonitor population impacts of multiple effluents in theTarawera River, New Zealand. In an initial survey, theabsence of reproductive development at the expectedspawning time for common bully was observed in a populationdownstream of effluent discharges. Subsequently, weexamined the hypotheses that the observed changes weredue to effluent exposure, migratory patterns, or geneticdifferences between populations. Liver detoxification enzymeactivity and stable isotopes provided evidence againstupstream migration of sexually mature bully. The observedpresence of developed gonads in the downstreampopulation during winter season resulted in the rejectionof the hypothesis that reproductive failure was due to effluentexposure, and it was concluded that there were substantialdifferences in reproductive timing. Genetic analyses oftwo upstream, one downstream, and one population froma nearby coastal river indicated the upstream (reference)and downstream (effluent exposed) bully in the river formedgenetically distinct populations. The identification of anearby river population with similar reproductive timingand high genetic similarity to the effluent-exposed populationsuggests that the observed differences in the genetics ofthe downstream population were not caused by effluentexposure. The genetic analysis did highlight the lackof downstream dispersion and gene flow in the river whichcould possibly be related to anthropogenic stress.