High Levels of Organophosphate Flame Retardants in the Great Lakes Atmosphere

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• 作者：Amina Salamova ; Yuning Ma ; Marta Venier ; Ronald A. Hites
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology Letters
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：January 14, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：1
• 期：1
• 页码：8-14
• 全文大小：253K

文摘

Levels of 12 organophosphate flame retardants (OPs) were measured in particle phase samples collected at five sites in the North American Great Lakes basin from March 2012 to December 2012 (inclusive). The target compounds were three chlorinated OPs [tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP)], three alkyl phosphates [tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), tris(butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), and tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP)], and six aryl phosphates [triphenyl phosphate (TPP), tri-o-tolyl phosphate (TOTP), tri-p-tolyl phosphate (TPTP), tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl) phosphate (TDMPP), tris(2-isopropylphenyl) phosphate (TIPPP), and tris(4-butylphenyl) phosphate (TBPP)]. Total OP (危OP) atmospheric concentrations ranged from 120 卤 18 to 2100 卤 400 pg/m³ at the five sites, with the higher 危OP levels detected at Cleveland and Chicago. 危OP concentrations at these urban sites were dominated by the chlorinated OPs (TCEP, TCPP, and TDCPP), with the sum of these three compounds comprising 51 卤 6 and 65 卤 12% of 危OP concentrations at these two sites, respectively. Nonhalogenated OP compounds were major contributors to 危OP concentrations at the remote sites, with the sum of all nine nonhalogenated OP concentrations comprising 70 卤 21 and 85 卤 13% of the 危OP concentrations at Eagle Harbor and Sleeping Bear Dunes, respectively. On average, these 危OP concentrations are about 2鈥? orders of magnitude higher than the concentrations of brominated flame retardants in similar samples.