A Layered Iron(III) Phosphate Phase, Na3Fe3(PO4)4: Synthesis, Structure, and Electrochemical Properties as Positive Electrode in Sodium Batteries

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• 作者：Khiem Trad ; Dany Carlier ; Laurence Croguennec ; Alain Wattiaux ; Besma Lajmi ; Mongi Ben Amara ; Claude Delmas
• 刊名：Journal of Physical Chemistry C
• 出版年：2010
• 出版时间：June 3, 2010
• 年：2010
• 卷：114
• 期：21
• 页码：10034-10044
• 全文大小：711K
• 年卷期：v.114,no.21(June 3, 2010)
• ISSN：1932-7455

文摘

For the first time, a powder of Na₃Fe₃(PO₄)₄ was obtained by solid state reaction. It crystallizes in monoclinic space group C2/c in good agreement with previous studies of a single crystal. The Rietveld refinement of the XRD pattern showed line broadening of some diffraction lines associated with size and strain effects. Its layered structure can be described by complex layers of corner-sharing FeO₆ octahedra connected by PO₄ tetrahedra through corner and edge sharing. The Na⁺ ions are located in the interslab space. The local environments of Fe, Na, and P were characterized by ⁵⁷Fe Mssbauer spectroscopy and ²³Na and ³¹P MAS NMR. A Second ORder Graphic Extrapolation (SORGE) diagram as introduced by Massiot et al. allowed us to fully interpret the ²³Na MAS NMR spectrum that exhibits three signals for two crystallographic Na sites. The electrochemical properties of Na₃Fe₃(PO₄)₄ were tested in sodium cells. Ex situ and in situ X-ray diffraction data and Mssbauer spectroscopy measurements indicate that the intercalation−deintercalation process of Na⁺ ions in Na₃Fe₃(PO₄)₄ is reversible and that the structural framework is maintained during cycling. Some degree of disorder is, however, observed for a large intercalated Na⁺ amount.