We describe the protein search engine "ProFound", whichemploys a Bayesian algorithm to identify proteins fromprotein databases using mass spectrometric peptide mapping data. The algorithm ranks protein candidates bytaking into account individual properties of each proteinin the database as well as other information relevant tothe peptide mapping experiment. The program consistently identifies the correct protein(s) even when the dataquality is relatively low or when the sample consists of asimple mixture of proteins. Illustrative examples of protein identifications are provided.