Concentration and Distribution of Heavy Metals in Urban Airborne Particulate Matter in Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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- 作者：Fathi Zereini ; Friedrich Alt ; JÜ ; rgen Messerschmidt ; Clare Wiseman ; Ingo Feldmann ; Alex von Bohlen ; JÜ ; rgen MÜ ; ller ; Karlheinz Liebl ; and Wilhelm PÜ ; ttmann
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2005
- 出版时间：May 1, 2005
- 年：2005
- 卷：39
- 期：9
- 页码：2983 - 2989
- 全文大小：172K
- 年卷期：v.39,no.9(May 1, 2005)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
Heavy metal concentrations were measured in airbornedust collected at three sites with different traffic densitiesfrom August 2001 to July 2002 in the Frankfurt am Mainarea. Bulk samples of particulate matter (PM) with anaerodynamic equivalent diameter of <22 
m were collectedon cellulose nitrate filters using air filtration devices.Fractionated samples of PM with an aerodynamic equivalentdiameter of <10 m were collected using an eight-stageAndersen impactor. Pb, Cd, Mn, Ni, Zn, V, As, Sb, Cu, Cr, Co,and Ce were determined by inductively coupled plasmasector field mass spectrometry, Pt and Rh were determinedby adsorptive voltammetry, and Pd was determined bytotal reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis. The resultsshow that the highest airborne heavy metal concentrationsoccurred at the main street with a large volume oftraffic. With the exception of Co, V, Ce, and Mn, theheavy metals had an elevated enrichment factor comparedto their concentrations in the continental crust. Themain street site was especially contaminated with Sb, Zn,Cu, V, and Ni. Motor vehicles are the likely source ofemissions. With the exception of Cr, Cu, and Zn, most ofthe airborne heavy metal concentrations determinedfor impactor samples deviate slightly from the results fortotal airborne dust. Heavy metal particle size distributionscan be divided into three groups. For metals such as As,Cd, Pb, and V, the main fraction can be found in fine particleswith a diameter of <2.1 m, whereas Ce, Cr, Co, and Nioccur mainly in coarse particles with a diameter of >2.1 m.Cu, Mn, Sb, Zn, Pt, Pd, and Rh occur in high concentrationsin the medium range of the impactor stages (particlediameters of 1.1-4.7 m). Metal concentrations in finedust particles are needed to assess the human healthrisks of their inhalation.
m were collectedon cellulose nitrate filters using air filtration devices.Fractionated samples of PM with an aerodynamic equivalentdiameter of <10 m were collected using an eight-stageAndersen impactor. Pb, Cd, Mn, Ni, Zn, V, As, Sb, Cu, Cr, Co,and Ce were determined by inductively coupled plasmasector field mass spectrometry, Pt and Rh were determinedby adsorptive voltammetry, and Pd was determined bytotal reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis. The resultsshow that the highest airborne heavy metal concentrationsoccurred at the main street with a large volume oftraffic. With the exception of Co, V, Ce, and Mn, theheavy metals had an elevated enrichment factor comparedto their concentrations in the continental crust. Themain street site was especially contaminated with Sb, Zn,Cu, V, and Ni. Motor vehicles are the likely source ofemissions. With the exception of Cr, Cu, and Zn, most ofthe airborne heavy metal concentrations determinedfor impactor samples deviate slightly from the results fortotal airborne dust. Heavy metal particle size distributionscan be divided into three groups. For metals such as As,Cd, Pb, and V, the main fraction can be found in fine particleswith a diameter of <2.1 m, whereas Ce, Cr, Co, and Nioccur mainly in coarse particles with a diameter of >2.1 m.Cu, Mn, Sb, Zn, Pt, Pd, and Rh occur in high concentrationsin the medium range of the impactor stages (particlediameters of 1.1-4.7 m). Metal concentrations in finedust particles are needed to assess the human healthrisks of their inhalation.