Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Rivers and Estuaries in Malaysia: A Widespread Input of Petrogenic PAHs

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria ; Hideshige Takada ; Shinobu Tsutsumi ; Kei Ohno ; Junya Yamada ; Eriko Kouno ; and Hidetoshi Kumata
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2002
• 出版时间：May 1, 2002
• 年：2002
• 卷：36
• 期：9
• 页码：1907 - 1918
• 全文大小：520K
• 年卷期：v.36,no.9(May 1, 2002)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

This is the first publication on the distribution andsources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) inriverine and coastal sediments in South East Asia wherethe rapid transfer of land-based pollutants into aquaticenvironments by heavy rainfall and runoff waters is of greatconcern. Twenty-nine Malaysian riverine and coastalsediments were analyzed for PAHs (3-7 rings) by gaschromatography mass spectrometry. Total PAHs concentrations in the sediment ranged from 4 to 924 ng/g. Alkylatedhomologues were abundant for all sediment samples.The ratio of the sum of methylphenanthrenes to phenanthrene(MP/P), an index of petrogenic PAHs contribution, wasmore than unity for 26 sediment samples and more than 3for seven samples for urban rivers covering a broadrange of locations. The MP/P ratio showed a strongcorrelation with the total PAHs concentrations, with an r²value of 0.74. This ratio and all other compositionalfeatures indicated that Malaysian urban sediments areheavily impacted by petrogenic PAHs. This finding is incontrast to other studies reported in many industrializedcountries where PAHs are mostly of pyrogenic origin. TheMP/P ratio was also significantly correlated with highermolecular weight PAHs such as benzo[a]pyrene, suggestingunique PAHs source in Malaysia which contains bothpetrogenic PAHs and pyrogenic PAHs. PAHs and hopanesfingerprints indicated that used crankcase oil is one ofthe major contributors of the sedimentary PAHs. Two majorroutes of inputs to aquatic environments have beenidentified: (1) spillage and dumping of waste crankcaseoil and (2) leakage of crankcase oils from vehicles onto roadsurfaces, with the subsequent washout by street runoff.N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolamine (NCBA), a molecularmarker of street dust, was detected in the polluted sediments.NCBA and other biomarker profiles confirmed ourhypothesis of the input from street dust contained theleaked crankcase oil. The fingerprints excluded crude oil,fresh lubricating oil, asphalt, and tire-particles as majorcontributors.