Removal of Antimonite (Sb(III)) and Antimonate (Sb(V)) from Aqueous Solution Using Carbon Nanofibers That Are Decorated with Zirconium Oxide (ZrO2)

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• 作者：Jinming Luo ; Xubiao Luo ; John Crittenden ; Jiuhui Qu ; Yaohui Bai ; Yue Peng ; Junhua Li
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：September 15, 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：49
• 期：18
• 页码：11115-11124
• 全文大小：656K
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Zirconium oxide (ZrO₂)-carbon nanofibers (ZCN) were fabricated and batch experiments were used to determine antimonite (Sb(III)) and antimonate (Sb(V)) adsorption isotherms and kinetics. ZCN have a maximum Sb(III) and Sb(V) adsorption capacity of 70.83 and 57.17 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption process between ZCN and Sb was identified to be an exothermic and follows an ion-exchange reaction. The application of ZCN was demonstrated using tap water spiked with Sb (200 渭g/L). We found that the concentration of Sb was well below the maximum contaminant level for drinking water with ZCN dosages of 2 g/L. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that an ionic bond of Zr鈥揙 was formed with Sb(III) and Sb(V). Based on the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, Sb(III) formed Sb鈥揙 and O鈥揨r bonds on the surface of the tetragonal ZrO₂ (t-ZrO₂) (111) plane and monoclinic ZrO₂ planes (m-ZrO₂) (111) plane when it adsorbs. Only an O鈥揨r bond was formed on the surface of t-ZrO₂ (111) plane and m-ZrO₂ (111) plane for Sb(V) adsorption. The adsorption energy (E_ad) of Sb(III) and Sb(V) onto t-ZrO₂ (111) plane were 1.13 and 6.07 eV, which were higher than that of m-ZrO₂ (0.76 and 3.35 eV, respectively).