文摘
The morphologies, self-assembly structures, and stability of cobalt−phthalocyanines (CoPc) molecules adsorbed on Cu(001) with coverage ranging from 0.2 monolayer (ML) to 1.6 ML are investigated by ultrahigh-vacuum low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (UHV LT-STM) at liquid nitrogen temperature. Upon increasing the deposition of CoPc molecules various structures, such as isolated adsorption, quasi-hexagonal structure, √29 × √29 structure, are well characterized by the corresponding high-resolution STM images. The CoPc−CoPc intermolecular interaction and CoPc−substrate interfacial interaction dominate the structural evolutions. For the coverage higher than 1 ML, CoPc molecules preferentially locate on top of the molecules underneath and organize into √58 × √58 structure. As more and more CoPc molecules adsorb on the first layer, in some √58 × √58 regions molecular insertion leads to the formation of the √29 × √29 domain to effectively decrease the energy of the whole system.