Reactive Sputtering of Bismuth Vanadate Photoanodes for Solar Water Splitting

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• 作者：Le Chen ; Esther Alarc贸n-Llad贸 ; Mark Hettick ; Ian D. Sharp ; Yongjing Lin ; Ali Javey ; Joel W. Ager
• 刊名：Journal of Physical Chemistry C
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：October 24, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：117
• 期：42
• 页码：21635-21642
• 全文大小：410K
• 年卷期：v.117,no.42(October 24, 2013)
• ISSN：1932-7455

文摘

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO₄) has attracted increasing attention as a photoanode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. It has a band gap in the visible light range (2.4鈥?.5 eV) and a valence band position suitable for driving water oxidation under illumination. While a number of methods have been used to make BiVO₄ photoanodes, scalable thin film deposition has remained relatively underexplored. Here, we report the synthesis of BiVO₄ thin films by reactive sputtering. The use of separate Bi and V sputtering targets allows control of the Bi/V ratio in the film. Under optimized, slightly V-rich conditions, monoclinic phase BiVO₄ with photoactivity for water oxidation is obtained. The highest photocurrents, ca. 1 mA cm^鈥? at the reversible O₂/H₂O potential with simulated AM 1.5G illumination, are obtained with bilayer WO₃/BiVO₄, where the WO₃ serves as a hole-blocking layer.