Non-equilibrium Structural Evolution of the Lithium-Rich Li1+yMn2O4 Cathode within a Battery
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- 作者：Neeraj Sharma ; Dehong Yu ; Yusong Zhu ; Yuping Wu ; Vanessa K. Peterson
- 刊名：Chemistry of Materials
- 出版年：2013
- 出版时间：March 12, 2013
- 年：2013
- 卷：25
- 期：5
- 页码：754-760
- 全文大小：388K
- 年卷期：v.25,no.5(March 12, 2013)
- ISSN：1520-5002
文摘
Lithium-ion batteries are undergoing rapid development to meet the energy demands of the transportation and renewable energy-generation sectors. The capacity of a lithium-ion battery is dependent on the amount of lithium that can be reversibly incorporated into the cathode. This work directly quantifies the time- and current-dependent lithium transfer within a cathode functioning under conventional charge鈥揹ischarge cycling. We examine Li1+yMn2O4 under real working conditions using in situ neutron powder diffraction and link the atomic-scale structure to the battery performance. The lithium location and content, oxygen positional parameter, and lattice parameter of the cathode are measured and linked to the battery鈥檚 charge/discharge characteristics. Lithium insertion (discharge) differs from extraction (charge), a feature that may explain the relative ease of discharge (compared with charge) of this material. An atomic-scale understanding of cathode functionality, such as revealed here, will direct improvements in battery performance at both the practical and the fundamental level.