Lone-pair···
![](/images/gifchars/pi.gif)
and, more recently,
![](/images/gifchars/pi.gif)
···
![](/images/gifchars/pi.gif)
interactions have been studied in small molecule crystal structures,and they are the focus of attention in some biomolecules. In this study, we have systematically analyzed 500high-resolution protein structures (resolution
![](/images/entities/le.gif)
1.8 Å) and identified 286 examples in which carbonyl oxygenatoms approach the aromatic centers within a distance of 3.5 Å. Contacts involving backbone carbonyl oxygensare frequently observed in helices and, to some extent, in strands. Geometrical characterization indicates thatthese contacts have geometry in between that of an ideal
![](/images/gifchars/pi.gif)
···
![](/images/gifchars/pi.gif)
and a lone-pair···
![](/images/gifchars/pi.gif)
interaction. Quantummechanical calculations using 6-311++G** basis sets reveal that these contacts give rise to energeticallyfavorable interactions and, along with MD simulations, indicate that such interactions could stabilize secondarystructures.