Development of Polar Organic Integrative Samplers for Analysis of Pharmaceuticals in Aquatic Systems

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• 作者：Anne Togola ; H&eacute ; lè ; ne Budzinski
• 刊名：Analytical Chemistry
• 出版年：2007
• 出版时间：September 1, 2007
• 年：2007
• 卷：79
• 期：17
• 页码：6734 - 6741
• 全文大小：447K
• 年卷期：v.79,no.17(September 1, 2007)
• ISSN：1520-6882

文摘

Integrative passive sampling is a new approach developedfor environmental monitoring. Nowadays, the evaluationsof pollution level are obtained by important samplingcampaigns using spot samplings that give a snapshot ofthe aquatic system contamination state. An alternative wayis to achieve a time weighted average concentration usingpassive samplers. The use of polar organic chemicalintegrative sampling (POCIS) has been recently documented for the detection of pharmaceuticals in the environment (Alvarez, D.; Petty, J. D.; Huckins, J. N.; Jones-Lepp, T. L.; Getting, D. T.; Goddard, J. P.; Manahan, S.E. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2004, 23, 1640-1648 (ref1). Jones-Lepp, T. L.; Alvarez, D.; Petty, J. D.; Huckins,J. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2004, 47, 427-739(ref 2). Petty, J. D.; Huckins, J. N.; Alvarez, D.; Brumbaugh, W. G.; Cranor, W. L.; Gale, R. W.; Rastall, A. C.;Jones-Lepp, T. L.; Leiker, T. J.; Rostad, C. E.; Furlong,E. T. Chemosphere 2004, 54, 695-705 (ref 3)). Thereis a need for laboratory data to extend the use of this typeof tool to new compounds. The aim of this study was todetermine the sampling rates (Rs; expressed as effectivevolumes of water extracted daily) of POCIS devices for14 pharmaceuticals in several conditions of temperature,salinity, and analyte concentration. These values areinfluenced by significant changes in water temperatureand salinity. Overall, POCIS Rs values were independentfrom aqueous concentrations. After laboratory experiments, an environmental field study has been performed,implementing POCIS devices in the Seine estuary (NorthAtlantic coast of France) and testing the qualitative andquantitative application of POCIS devices on the contaminated system. The suitability of the devices for monitoringmultiple media under a wide range of environmentalconditions has also been discussed. The uniformity orreproducibility of the sampling matrix and, on the otherhand, the ability to detect compounds at low concentrationlevels below detection limits of discrete sampling havebeen highlighted.