Quality Heterostructures from Two-Dimensional Crystals Unstable in Air by Their Assembly in Inert Atmosphere

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• 作者：Y. Cao ; A. Mishchenko ; G. L. Yu ; E. Khestanova ; A. P. Rooney ; E. Prestat ; A. V. Kretinin ; P. Blake ; M. B. Shalom ; C. Woods ; J. Chapman ; G. Balakrishnan ; I. V. Grigorieva ; K. S. Novoselov ; B. A. Piot ; M. Potemski ; K. Watanabe ; T. Taniguchi ; S. J. Haigh ; A. K. Geim ; R. V. Gorbachev
• 刊名：Nano Letters
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：August 12, 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：15
• 期：8
• 页码：4914-4921
• 全文大小：476K
• ISSN：1530-6992

文摘

Many layered materials can be cleaved down to individual atomic planes, similar to graphene, but only a small minority of them are stable under ambient conditions. The rest react and decompose in air, which has severely hindered their investigation and potential applications. Here we introduce a remedial approach based on cleavage, transfer, alignment, and encapsulation of air-sensitive crystals, all inside a controlled inert atmosphere. To illustrate the technology, we choose two archetypal two-dimensional crystals that are of intense scientific interest but are unstable in air: black phosphorus and niobium diselenide. Our field-effect devices made from their monolayers are conductive and fully stable under ambient conditions, which is in contrast to the counterparts processed in air. NbSe₂ remains superconducting down to the monolayer thickness. Starting with a trilayer, phosphorene devices reach sufficiently high mobilities to exhibit Landau quantization. The approach offers a venue to significantly expand the range of experimentally accessible two-dimensional crystals and their heterostructures.