Vanillic acid and syringic acid were converted to terephthalic acid via a two-step process using a fixed-bed reactor. The cascade route includes hydrogenation demethoxylation and carboxylation reactions. Activated carbon (AC)-supported MoWBOx and PdNiOx were determined to be suitable catalyst precursors for the process. An intermediate of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) was produced from the demethoxylation in 71.6% selectivity, and the terephthalic acid was obtained in 58.7% yield with 66.4% HBA conversion.