Long-Term Temporal Changes in the Estrogenic Composition of Treated Sewage Effluent and Its Biological Effects on Fish
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- 作者：Trevor P. Rodgers-Gray ; Susan Jobling ; Steven Morris ; Carole Kelly ; Sonia Kirby ; Afsaneh Janbakhsh ; Jule E. Harries ; Michael J. Waldock ; John P. Sumpter ; and Charles R. Tyler
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2000
- 出版时间：April 15, 2000
- 年：2000
- 卷：34
- 期：8
- 页码：1521 - 1528
- 全文大小：325K
- 年卷期：v.34,no.8(April 15, 2000)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
Sewage treatment works (STW) effluents throughout theU.K. have been shown to be estrogenic, inducing vitellogenin(VTG) synthesis in caged and wild fish for considerabledistances (up to several kilometers) downstream of the effluentdischarge. Thresholds for vitellogenin induction in cagedfish in those studies have been derived from short-term exposures, and may not necessarily be representativeof thresholds for estrogenic responses in wild fish livingin rivers that contain STW effluent. In addition, very little isknown about the long-term fluctuations in the concentrationsof the estrogenic components of STW effluents. In thispaper, it was established that the concentrations of naturalsteroid estrogens and xenoestrogens (alkylphenolicchemicals) in a treated sewage effluent fluctuated temporally(over 8 months), from between 36 and 308 ng/L andbetween <0.2 (detection limit) and 10.7 
g/L, respectively.Long-term exposure of maturing adult roach to a gradedconcentration of this effluent (0, 9.4, 17.5, 37.9, and 100% v/v)demonstrated that the vitellogenic response was bothdose and time dependent. After 1 month exposure, theresponse threshold was 37.9 ± 2.3% treated sewage effluent,whereas after 4 months exposure, a significant inductionof VTG occurred at an effluent concentration of 9.4 ± 0.9%.The data presented suggests that estrogenic responsesin wild fish living in U.K. rivers cannot necessarily be predictedfrom short-term exposures using caged fish. The functionalsignificance and/or ecological consequences of inductionof vitellogenin resulting from exposure to STW effluent hasyet to be determined in wild fish.
g/L, respectively.Long-term exposure of maturing adult roach to a gradedconcentration of this effluent (0, 9.4, 17.5, 37.9, and 100% v/v)demonstrated that the vitellogenic response was bothdose and time dependent. After 1 month exposure, theresponse threshold was 37.9 ± 2.3% treated sewage effluent,whereas after 4 months exposure, a significant inductionof VTG occurred at an effluent concentration of 9.4 ± 0.9%.The data presented suggests that estrogenic responsesin wild fish living in U.K. rivers cannot necessarily be predictedfrom short-term exposures using caged fish. The functionalsignificance and/or ecological consequences of inductionof vitellogenin resulting from exposure to STW effluent hasyet to be determined in wild fish.