Identification of an Acyl-Enzyme Intermediate in a meta-Cleavage Product Hydrolase Reveals the Versatility of the Catalytic Triad

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• 作者：Antonio C. Ruzzini ; Subhangi Ghosh ; Geoff P. Horsman ; Leonard J. Foster ; Jeffrey T. Bolin ; Lindsay D. Eltis
• 刊名：The Journal of the American Chemical Society
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：March 14, 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：134
• 期：10
• 页码：4615-4624
• 全文大小：383K
• 年卷期：v.134,no.10(March 14, 2012)
• ISSN：1520-5126

文摘

Meta-cleavage product (MCP) hydrolases are members of the 伪/尾-hydrolase superfamily that utilize a Ser-His-Asp triad to catalyze the hydrolysis of a C鈥揅 bond. BphD, the MCP hydrolase from the biphenyl degradation pathway, hydrolyzes 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid (HOPDA) to 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoic acid (HPD) and benzoate. A 1.6 脜 resolution crystal structure of BphD H265Q incubated with HOPDA revealed that the enzyme鈥檚 catalytic serine was benzoylated. The acyl-enzyme is stabilized by hydrogen bonding from the amide backbone of 鈥榦xyanion hole鈥?residues, consistent with formation of a tetrahedral oxyanion during nucleophilic attack by Ser112. Chemical quench and mass spectrometry studies substantiated the formation and decay of a Ser112-benzoyl species in wild-type BphD on a time scale consistent with turnover and incorporation of a single equivalent of ¹⁸O into the benzoate produced during hydrolysis in H₂¹⁸O. Rapid-scanning kinetic studies indicated that the catalytic histidine contributes to the rate of acylation by only an order of magnitude, but affects the rate of deacylation by over 5 orders of magnitude. The orange-colored catalytic intermediate, ES^red, previously detected in the wild-type enzyme and proposed herein to be a carbanion, was not observed during hydrolysis by H265Q. In the newly proposed mechanism, the carbanion abstracts a proton from Ser112, thereby completing tautomerization and generating a serinate for nucleophilic attack on the C6-carbonyl. Finally, quantification of an observed pre-steady-state kinetic burst suggests that BphD is a half-site reactive enzyme. While the updated catalytic mechanism shares features with the serine proteases, MCP hydrolase-specific chemistry highlights the versatility of the Ser-His-Asp triad.