Functional Associations between Two Estrogen Receptors, Environmental Estrogens, and Sexual Disruption in the Roach (Rutilus rutilus)
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- 作者：Yoshinao Katsu ; Anke Lange ; Hiroshi Urushitani ; Rie Ichikawa ; Gregory C. Paull ; Laura L. Cahill ; Susan Jobling ; Charles R. Tyler ; Taisen Iguchi
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2007
- 出版时间：May 1, 2007
- 年：2007
- 卷：41
- 期：9
- 页码：3368 - 3374
- 全文大小：449K
- 年卷期：v.41,no.9(May 1, 2007)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
Wild male roach (Rutilus rutilus) living in U.K. riverscontaminated with estrogenic effluents from wastewatertreatment works show feminized responses and have areduced reproductive capability, but the chemical causationof sexual disruption in the roach has not been established.Feminized responses were induced in male roach exposedto environmentally relevant concentrations of thepharmaceutical estrogen 17
-ethinylestradiol, EE2 (up to 4 ng/L), during early life (from fertilization to 84 days post-hatch, dph), and these effects were signaled by alteredpatterns of expression of two cloned roach estrogen receptor(ER) subtypes, ER and ER
, in the brain and gonad/liver. Transactivation assays were developed for both roachER subtypes and the estrogenic potencies of steroidalestrogens differed markedly at the different ER subtypes.EE2 was by far the most potent chemical, and estrone (E1, themost prevalent environmental steroid in wastewaterdischarges) was equipotent with estradiol (E2) in activatingthe ERs. Comparison of the EC50 values for the compoundstested showed that ER was 3-21-fold more sensitiveto natural steroidal estrogens and 54-fold more sensitiveto EE2 as compared to ER. These findings add substantialsupport to the hypothesis that steroidal estrogens play asignificant role in the induction of intersex in roach populationsin U.K. rivers and that the molecular approach describedcould be usefully applied to understand interspecies sensitivityto xenoestrogens.
-ethinylestradiol, EE2 (up to 4 ng/L), during early life (from fertilization to 84 days post-hatch, dph), and these effects were signaled by alteredpatterns of expression of two cloned roach estrogen receptor(ER) subtypes, ER and ER, in the brain and gonad/liver. Transactivation assays were developed for both roachER subtypes and the estrogenic potencies of steroidalestrogens differed markedly at the different ER subtypes.EE2 was by far the most potent chemical, and estrone (E1, themost prevalent environmental steroid in wastewaterdischarges) was equipotent with estradiol (E2) in activatingthe ERs. Comparison of the EC50 values for the compoundstested showed that ER was 3-21-fold more sensitiveto natural steroidal estrogens and 54-fold more sensitiveto EE2 as compared to ER. These findings add substantialsupport to the hypothesis that steroidal estrogens play asignificant role in the induction of intersex in roach populationsin U.K. rivers and that the molecular approach describedcould be usefully applied to understand interspecies sensitivityto xenoestrogens.