Multifunctional Compact Hybrid Au Nanoshells: A New Generation of Nanoplasmonic Probes for Biosensing, Imaging, and Controlled Release
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- 作者：Yongdong Jin
- 刊名：Accounts of Chemical Research
- 出版年：2014
- 出版时间：January 21, 2014
- 年：2014
- 卷：47
- 期：1
- 页码：138-148
- 全文大小：665K
- ISSN：1520-4898
文摘
Gold nanoshells (AuNSs) with tunable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peaks in the near-infrared (NIR) region possess unique optical properties鈥攑articularly that soft tissues are 鈥渢ransparent鈥?at these wavelengths鈥攎aking them of great interest in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Since 1998 when Halas and co-workers invented the first generation of AuNS, with a silica core and Au shell, researchers have studied and designed AuNSs for theranostic鈥攊ndividualized, combination diagnosis and therapy鈥攏anomedicine. As demand has increased for more powerful and practical theranostic applications, so has demand for the next generation of AuNSs鈥攃ompact yet complex multifunctional AuNSs with finely integrated plasmonic and nonplasmonic inorganic components.
For in vivo biomedical applications, such a hybrid AuNS offers the desirable optical properties of NIR LSPR. Size, however, has proved a more challenging parameter to control in hybrid AuNSs. The ideal size of therapeutic NPs is 10鈥?00 nm. Larger particles have limited diffusion in the extracellular space, while particles less than 5 nm are rapidly cleared from the circulation through extravasation or renal clearance. Conventional methods of preparing AuNS have failed to obtain small-sized hybrid AuNSs with NIR LSPR responses.
In this Account, we present a new class of multifunctional hybrid AuNSs with ultrathin AuNSs and varied, functional (nonplasmonic) core components ranging from 鈥渉ard鈥?semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), to superparamagnetic NPs, to 鈥渟oft鈥?liposomes made using poly-l-histidine as a template to direct Au deposition. The resultant hybrid AuNSs are uniform and compact (typically 15鈥?0 nm) but also preserve the optical properties and shell-type NIR response necessary for biomedical use. We also demonstrate these particles鈥?innovative plasmonic applications in biosensing, multimodal imaging and controlled release. More importantly, the magnetic-plasmonic Fe3O4/Au core鈥搒hell NP enables a new biological imaging method鈥攎agnetomotive photoacoustic (mmPA) imaging, which suppresses the nonmagnetomotive background and therefore offers remarkable contrast enhancement and improved specificity compared with photoacoustic images using conventional NP contrast agents.
The advantages of our AuNSs are obvious: they are monodisperse, small (<100 nm), highly integrated, and have tunable visible-NIR plasmonic responses. All of these properties are crucial for in vitro or in vivo biological/biomedical studies and many applications, especially for studies of single cells or molecules which require particle monodispersity and tight size control. The plasmonic fluorescent QD/Au and the magnetic plasmonic Fe3O4/Au core鈥搒hell NPs may also reveal new physical phenomena that may lead to useful applications, owing to their well-defined core鈥搒hell nanoarchitectures and underlying nanoscale physical interactions.
For in vivo biomedical applications, such a hybrid AuNS offers the desirable optical properties of NIR LSPR. Size, however, has proved a more challenging parameter to control in hybrid AuNSs. The ideal size of therapeutic NPs is 10鈥?00 nm. Larger particles have limited diffusion in the extracellular space, while particles less than 5 nm are rapidly cleared from the circulation through extravasation or renal clearance. Conventional methods of preparing AuNS have failed to obtain small-sized hybrid AuNSs with NIR LSPR responses.
In this Account, we present a new class of multifunctional hybrid AuNSs with ultrathin AuNSs and varied, functional (nonplasmonic) core components ranging from 鈥渉ard鈥?semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), to superparamagnetic NPs, to 鈥渟oft鈥?liposomes made using poly-l-histidine as a template to direct Au deposition. The resultant hybrid AuNSs are uniform and compact (typically 15鈥?0 nm) but also preserve the optical properties and shell-type NIR response necessary for biomedical use. We also demonstrate these particles鈥?innovative plasmonic applications in biosensing, multimodal imaging and controlled release. More importantly, the magnetic-plasmonic Fe3O4/Au core鈥搒hell NP enables a new biological imaging method鈥攎agnetomotive photoacoustic (mmPA) imaging, which suppresses the nonmagnetomotive background and therefore offers remarkable contrast enhancement and improved specificity compared with photoacoustic images using conventional NP contrast agents.
The advantages of our AuNSs are obvious: they are monodisperse, small (<100 nm), highly integrated, and have tunable visible-NIR plasmonic responses. All of these properties are crucial for in vitro or in vivo biological/biomedical studies and many applications, especially for studies of single cells or molecules which require particle monodispersity and tight size control. The plasmonic fluorescent QD/Au and the magnetic plasmonic Fe3O4/Au core鈥搒hell NPs may also reveal new physical phenomena that may lead to useful applications, owing to their well-defined core鈥搒hell nanoarchitectures and underlying nanoscale physical interactions.