Pilot-Scale Destruction of TNT, RDX, and HMX on Contaminated Soils Using Subcritical Water

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• 作者：Steven B. Hawthorne ; Arnaud J. M. Lagadec ; Dimitrios Kalderis ; Alan V. Lilke ; and David J. Miller
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2000
• 出版时间：August 1, 2000
• 年：2000
• 卷：34
• 期：15
• 页码：3224 - 3228
• 全文大小：96K
• 年卷期：v.34,no.15(August 1, 2000)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Subcritical (hot/liquid) water was used in a simple static(nonflowing) vessel to treat two soils from former defensesites which were contaminated with the explosives TNT(12 wt %) or RDX (0.32 wt %) and HMX (0.08 wt %). Laboratorystudies demonstrated that significant degradation of RDXbegan at 100 mages/entities/deg.gif">C and at 125 mages/entities/deg.gif">C for TNT and HMX. For highlycontaminated soils, the bulk of the undegraded explosivesremained in the soil rather than in the water phase.Based on HPLC/UV analysis, intermediate degradationproducts formed but quickly degraded at <250 mages/entities/deg.gif">C. Pilot-scale remediations (4-6 kg soil) using 4-L of water at 275mages/entities/deg.gif">C for 1 h (with 2-h heat-up time) of real soils resultedin >99.9% destruction of TNT and RDX and ca. 98% destructionof HMX. None of the mutagenic nitroso derivatives ofRDX and HMX were formed. "Microtox" acute toxicity testswith Vibrio fischeri showed no significant (compared tobackground) residual toxicity in either the processwastewaters or leachates from the treated soils.