Damages and Expected Deaths Due to Excess NOx Emissions from 2009 to 2015 Volkswagen Diesel Vehicles

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Stephen P. Holland ; Erin T. Mansur ; Nicholas Z. Muller ; Andrew J. Yates
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2, 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：50
• 期：3
• 页码：1111-1117
• 全文大小：295K
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

We estimate the damages and expected deaths in the United States due to excess emissions of NO_x from 2009 to 2015 Volkswagen diesel vehicles. Using data on vehicle registrations and a model of pollution transport and valuation, we estimate excess damages of $430 million and 46 excess expected deaths. Accounting for uncertainty about emissions gives a range for damages from $350 million to $500 million, and a range for excess expected deaths from 40 to 52. Our estimates incorporate significant local heterogeneity: for example, Minneapolis has the highest damages despite having fewer noncompliant vehicles than 13 other cities. Our estimated damages greatly exceed possible benefits from reduced CO₂ emissions due to increased fuel economy.